Internal Medicine End of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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• Which type of stones may be caused by hyperparathyroidism?
• If nonglomerular bleeding persists, what test is typically performed?
• What is the most common form of dementia that leads to severe dependency for ADLs over about 10 years?
• In the context of bowel infarction, hyperkalemia represents what?
• Which dietary factors are known to increase the risk for nephrolithiasis?
• Arterial diseases can arise from various nonatherosclerotic disorders. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
• What is the first-line antihypertensive agent for patients with diabetes, heart disease, or proteinuria?
• Which DMARD can cause retinopathy as a side effect?
• What does the presence of HepB surface antibody (ANTIHBs) in a patient signify?
• Which of the following is an inflammatory marker drawn for assessment in rheumatoid arthritis?
• What does free intraperitoneal air seen under the diaphragm on an upright abdominal plain film indicate?
• What is the pathophysiological result of a free water deficit?
• Parkinson's disease is associated with which of the following symptoms?
• What cortisol level is indicative of adrenal insufficiency after a 1-hour cosyntropin stimulation test?
• What condition is characterized by abnormal dilation of the large conducting airways often due to cystic fibrosis or alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
• Which imaging study is sensitive for small pulmonary embolisms and may reveal other chest abnormalities?
• What disease is characterized by antibodies to the thyroid gland's TSH receptor?
• Mechanical valves are best suited for which patient populations?
• What heart sound indicates systolic dysfunction?
• Which lab value is most sensitive for diagnosing pancreatitis?
• Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria greater than what amount?
• What bacterial infection is commonly associated with foodborne illness, particularly from canned goods?
• What condition is associated with uric acid stones?
• What symptom is most frequently associated with nocturnal asthma?
• Which genetic disorder is known for choreiform movements and personality changes?
• What type of therapy is associated with cardiac resynchronization in heart failure treatment?
• At what white blood cell count is bacterial joint infection highly suspected?
• What is the primary medical therapy for controlling heart rate in patients with Mitral Stenosis?
• RBCs originating from glomerular disease are often described as what shape?
• Sulfonylureas are known to cause which common side effects?
• What is the expected time frame for the resolution of ST-segment elevation post-STEMI treatment?
• Thrombolytics should ideally be administered within how many hours of pain onset?
• What is typically caused by increased destruction, decreased production, or blood loss?
• What is the main focus of treatment for spondyloarthropathies?
• On crystal examination, which type of arthritis shows needle-shaped negative birefringent crystals?
• What treatment is commonly used for both Cryptococcus and Histoplasmosis?
• What might replacement of thyroid hormone in a patient with myxedema coma cause?
• Which bacterial meningitis clinical features in CSF include a high white blood cell count with predominance of PMNs?
• What treatment is commonly used for inpatient pneumonia?
• What condition is characterized by irreversible hepatic injury and fibrosis?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy?
• What is the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?
• What is a characteristic physical exam finding in infective endocarditis?
• Which class of medications is typically used for afterload reduction in Mitral Regurgitation?
• What is the test of choice for diagnosing a pituitary adenoma?
• What does a left bundle branch block on an EKG suggest?
• What type of arthritis is characterized by significant pain in 11 or more pressure points?
• What is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for pituitary adenomas?
• What lung disease is characterized by an increased total lung capacity (TLC)?
• Colorectal cancers are believed to arise from what type of growth?
• What component is associated with an elongated dilation in arteries linked to atherosclerosis?
• What is a common feature of both Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos disease?
• What viral infection can also cause acute hepatitis besides hepatitis viruses?
• What symptom is typically present in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
• What distinguishes mechanical valves from porcine valves in terms of anticoagulation requirements?
• What urinary finding is indicative of acute tubular necrosis?
• Which physical examination finding is commonly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is primarily characterized by which of the following?
• Which constellation of symptoms is associated with cardiac tamponade?
• Which procedure is utilized to relieve symptoms in patients who do not qualify for CABG?
• What is the primary treatment for symptomatic pituitary adenomas?
• What class of medication is often used to treat dyspepsia by inhibiting gastric acid?
• Which of the following findings would suggest consolidation on examination?
• Which condition presents with fever, headache, and meningeal irritation, with lumbar puncture being essential for diagnosis?
• What treatment is often required to manage diastolic dysfunction and its complications?
• What PSA value in ug per mL is considered highly suspicious for prostate cancer?
• What does a chest X-ray (CXR) typically show in the case of pleural effusion?
• Which hormone is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
• Which condition may obstruct outflow leading to cardiogenic shock?
• Which stones are typically radiolucent?
• Which treatment for COPD is known to frequently provide additional bronchodilation as needed?
• Which of the following is a common cause of anion gap acidosis?
• Which disease is characterized by positive ANA and anti-Sm labs?
• Which enterotoxin causes profuse watery diarrhea and is transmitted through fecal-oral routes often from water contamination?
• What autoimmune disorder is characterized by a decrease in acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness?
• What type of waves are seen on an EKG during hypokalemia?
• What imaging study should be performed for patients with concerning histories of aortic dissection?
• What is a common treatment regimen for H Pylori infection?
• Which ethnic group benefits from a combination of hydralazine and nitrates for reducing mortality in class III or IV heart failure?
• What are the two main categories of causes for glomerular injury?
• In emphysema, what happens to the residual volume (RV)?
• What neurological sign is characterized by spontaneous flexion of the hips during attempted passive flexion of the neck?
• What term describes the transient loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain?
• Which type of esophageal stricture involves Zenker's diverticulum?
• Which of the following symptoms is associated with Cushing's syndrome?
• When considering the management of certain arrhythmias, what should be done regarding AV nodal blocking agents when AF is present with WPW?
• A solitary pulmonary nodule is best described as what?
• A serum ascites-albumin gradient >1.1 g/dL typically indicates ascites caused by which condition?
• Which clinical finding is least likely to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis?
• Kernig's sign is indicative of which condition?
• What surgical intervention is recommended for patients with three-vessel disease?
• What is one of the AIDS-defining illnesses associated with CD4 counts lower than 200?
• What should be initially used to treat AVNRT and AVRT?
• Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by which specific cells?
• What laboratory finding is characteristic of cholestatic liver disease?
• Which connective tissue disease is associated with dermatomyositis?
• Which syndrome is characterized by symptoms resulting from the accumulation of toxins normally managed by the kidneys?
• In the context of cardiovascular risk, what does a high level of homocysteine indicate?
• At what size should aortic aneurysms be electively repaired?
• What does CREST stand for in relation to scleroderma?
• What tests are included in the diagnostic workup for Cushing's syndrome?
• Reactive arthritis is precipitated by infections caused by which of the following?
• What is typically seen on an EKG in cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
• What is the common treatment for Giardia lamblia infection?
• In which type of AV block may a pacemaker be indicated even if the patient is asymptomatic?
• Which of the following dementia causes should be assessed and treated as reversible?
• Which sign on imaging corresponds to a shadow or density in contact with the pleural space due to lung segment involvement in PE?
• Which of the following statements about Ribavirin is true?
• Acromegaly is typically caused by excess production of which hormone?
• Primary biliary cirrhosis commonly presents in which demographic?
• Which DMARD is associated with bone marrow toxicity?
• Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of anion gap acidosis?
• Which condition can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and typically involves tremors without rigidity?
• What heart sound is often noted in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
• Which of the following signs is associated with pulmonary embolism on a chest X-ray?
• What is the most common case-defining illness in AIDS that presents with a hacking non-productive cough?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with reactive arthritis?
• In the context of heart failure, what does diastolic dysfunction relate to?
• What is the association of primary sclerosing cholangitis?
• What is the primary treatment approach for amyloidosis?
• What is the most common manifestation of thyroid cancer?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for gout?
• Which test is used for assessing chest pain of esophageal origin?
• Which fungal infection is commonly found in Mississippi and the Ohio River Valley, causing patchy multilobar infiltrates?
• What does the presence of hypotension, tracheal deviation, and elevated jugular venous pressure indicate?
• Which of the following is a common cause of gastritis due to direct mucosal injury?
• Which condition is characterized by the development of antibodies against one's own platelets?
• In alcoholic hepatitis, which is typically higher in lab values?
• What is the initial emergency treatment for a patient experiencing bradycardia with hypotension?
• Which electrocardiogram finding is most commonly associated with pulmonary embolism?
• Which type of kidney stone is the most common?
• Which of the following are signs of consolidation upon physical examination?
• What is a common paraneoplastic syndrome associated with lung cancer?
• What imaging study is utilized for pleuritic pain with a normal CXR when a pulmonary embolism is suspected?
• Which type of carcinoma presents with flank pain, abdominal mass, and hematuria?
• What type of aneurysm is typically associated with the circle of Willis?
• What is the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease?
• Which medications can be used in low doses only when necessary for patient safety in cases of delirium?
• What does the mnemonic 'B' in the AHA treatment guidelines for stable angina stand for?
• What type of diarrhea usually improves with fasting?
• What are muddy brown casts indicative of?
• What is polyarteritis nodosa characterized by?
• What is the most common cause of pancreatitis?
• If MCV is greater than 100, which vitamin levels should be checked first?
• If a patient has microcytic anemia, which conditions could be the cause?
• Which pathogen is usually associated with foodborne illness from contaminated eggs, dairy products, or poultry?
• Interstitial lung disease is characterized by which of the following symptoms?
• Mitral Regurgitation is characterized by which of the following structural changes?
• What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?
• If sputum contains mostly eosinophils and mucous casts, what condition is likely present?
• What is required for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria?
• Which condition can digitalis toxicity lead to?
• Which of the following is NOT a joint commonly involved in rheumatoid arthritis?
• If gross hematuria is predominant, what conditions should be considered?
• What is the diagnostic test of choice for nephrolithiasis?
• What is the most common type of leukemia that features "smudge cells"?
• What is a known side effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
• What indicates progressive damage if Q waves develop on an EKG after a STEMI?
• Which organism can cause trachoma, cervicitis, and atypical pneumonia?
• What is the primary treatment option that shows remission in 60-80% of Cushing's cases?
• Which three treatments are essential for patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
• Which organisms typically cause lobar pneumonia?
• What are the physiologic changes typically observed in patients with COPD?
• What does the acronym LMNOP stand for in the acute treatment of pulmonary edema?
• Which of the following best describes pulmonary conditions associated with sarcoidosis?
• During the Dix-Hallpike maneuver in BPPV, the patient will exhibit which type of nystagmus?
• What does the 'C' in CURB65 score stand for?
• Which compound can cause impairment of renal autoregulation?
• What is the primary symptom associated with hyponatremia?
• What kind of relief does azo/phenazopyridine provide for UTI patients?
• Which type of shock is characterized by causes such as hemorrhage and heat stroke?
• UTIs are usually caused by which type of organisms?
• Which type of cancer often metastasizes to the liver causing poor prognosis?
• Polymyalgia Rheumatica primarily affects which parts of the body?
• What is the Glasgow Coma Scale category for a score less than 8?
• Prophylaxis with heparin is indicated for which of the following conditions?
• What type of leukemia is characterized by high WBC and the Philadelphia chromosome?
• Which laboratory finding is associated with rheumatic fever?
• Which major criterion indicates endocardial involvement in infective endocarditis?
• Which grading of concussion indicates confusion without loss of consciousness for greater than 15 minutes?
• Which syndrome is associated with flushing, diarrhea, and hypotension?
• Which treatment is considered a positive inotropic agent for heart failure?
• Which medications have been shown to decrease mortality in chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction?
• Which vascular supply relates to contralateral face and arm weakness greater than leg during a stroke?
• Which of the following medications is used as a leukotriene modifier in asthma management?
• What is often the role of diuretics in the management of symptomatic patients with heart failure?
• What acute condition is associated with muddy brown casts in urine?
• What is arteriopathic connective tissue disease known for?
• When is a permanent pacemaker indicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome or complete heart block?
• What is the most likely diagnosis if sputum analysis shows mostly white blood cells?
• What is the primary deficiency associated with von Willebrand disease?
• What type of tumor is characterized as a low-grade malignant neoplasm that is slow-growing and rarely metastasizes?
• Hypercoagulable states can be associated with which of the following?
• Which of the following is a common etiology of syncope?
• Which parasitic infection is commonly acquired from undercooked meat and often affects individuals with HIV?
• What is the recommended treatment for Torsades de Pointes?
• Which type of ulcers are characterized by increased acid production?
• Which medication can be added to statins in patients requiring combination therapy due to their side effect profile?
• What color is typically associated with urine in nephritic syndrome?
• Which organ can show signs of abnormal filtration indicating glomerular dysfunction?
• What are effective medications to reduce afterload in Aortic Regurgitation, despite conflicting studies?
• Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with UTIs?
• What device improves survival in patients with an ejection fraction less than 35% and sustained ventricular tachycardia?
• What is the rare condition associated with severe thyrotoxicosis, marked by a high mortality rate and occurs during stressful illness?
• Which lumbar disc level is associated with pain radiating to the anterolateral leg and great toe?
• Which two rheumatoid diseases are more prevalent in men than women?
• What type of disease is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance leading to the production of hemoglobin S and causes vaso-occlusion?
• What is the typical mean survival time for liver cancer?
• What condition is characterized by an acute and fluctuating state of impaired cognition and consciousness?
• What are the antithyroid drugs used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
• What is the process of urine alkalinization using potassium citrate and allopurinol primarily aimed at?
• Which type of medication can worsen atrial fibrillation in patients with diastolic dysfunction?
• What are the systemic causes that can lead to bradyarrhythmias?
• Which condition lacks effective medical therapy and could be worsened by multiple medications?
• What Gleason score range indicates the worst prognosis?
• Which type of shock can result from sepsis and anaphylaxis?
• Who is at increased risk for urinary tract malignancy?
• What is the most common primary malignancy that leads to liver cancer?
• What is the most common autoimmune disease causing hypothyroidism in the US?
• What is the term for symmetric inflammatory peripheral polyarthritis characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the synovial joints?
• Which procedure should be considered for long-term management of AVNRT and AVRT?
• What does having a HepB surface antigen (HBsAg) indicate in a patient?
• What is a common laboratory finding in patients with polyarteritis nodosa?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of anemia of chronic disease?
• A right bundle branch block may indicate what condition?
• What type of wheezing is commonly associated with pleural effusion?
• What type of hiatal hernia is primarily managed conservatively unless complications arise?
• What diagnostic study is indicated when pancreatitis diagnosis is uncertain or clinically severe?
• Which symptoms arise from hypernatremia?
• What symptom is associated with dermatomyositis?
• What is the typical cause of target cells in peripheral blood?
• Which antibiotic is recommended for colitis that covers all bacteria except levofloxacin and metronidazole?
• Which vascular supply is responsible for manifestations such as vertigo, dysarthria, and contralateral pain during a stroke?
• Which type of non-small cell lung cancer is categorized as a peripheral mass?
• When does dietary management for LDL initiation begin for patients with 0-1 risk factor?
• In young patients presenting with a thoracic aneurysm, what condition should be considered?
• A decreased anion gap with multiple myeloma is associated with which formation?
• Which laboratory finding is NOT expected in cirrhosis?
• Which condition is characterized by a combination of anemia, proteinuria, leukopenia, hypercalcemia, and renal failure?
• Which medication is proven to improve both survival and quality of life in patients with COPD?
• Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterized by what symptoms?
• What type of casts are commonly seen in cases of interstitial nephritis?
• What are the three main types of shock?
• Which drugs are commonly used for the treatment of chronic HepB?
• What imaging study can be used to identify a thyroid nodule?
• What type of block can occur with digitalis toxicity?
• What is typically observed on a smear for megaloblastic anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency?
• What protozoan is one of the principal agents of traveler's diarrhea?
• Which condition is often preceded by oxidative stress and can be triggered by factors such as ingestion of fava beans?
• In the management of pleural effusion, what is crucial for complicated effusions?
• What condition is characterized by high alkaline phosphatase levels and requires treatment with bisphosphonates?
• Which disease is characterized by blood diarrhea and primarily affects the colon?
• The vascular supply associated with contralateral visual field deficits and altered mentation is:
• What catastrophic condition can occur if an individual suffers a second concussion before the first has healed?
• Which infection can lead to a butterfly pattern on radiological imaging in immunocompromised patients?
• In the examination of gout, what type of crystals are identified under polarized light microscopy?
• Which group of etiologies is characterized by hypovolemia, decreased cardiac output, and renovascular disease?
• Transudates are primarily caused by which condition?
• What specific condition could lead to cardiogenic shock?
• Cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor blockers are used to treat which condition?
• Paget's disease of the bone primarily affects which areas of the body?
• What percussion note replaces resonance when fluid replaces air-containing lung tissue?
• Which medications are commonly associated with causing bradyarrhythmias?
• What condition is characterized by the presence of a grayish pseudomembrane in the throat?
• What lab test can evaluate the degree of malnutrition in patients?
• Which syndrome is defined as a condition characterized by chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits?
• At what age does dyslipidemia become a disease risk factor for men?
• What is the primary mechanism by which anticholinergics, such as ipratropium bromide and tiotropium, alleviate symptoms of COPD?
• What type of anemia is characterized by an increased RDW?
• How is amyloidosis diagnosed?
• Which condition is indicated by elevated ASO titers?
• Why are heart failure symptoms predominantly pulmonary?
• Which type of nephritis is associated with anti-GMB positive results?
• What is the first-line treatment for diabetes mellitus?
• What condition is suggested by low urine osmolality with high serum osmolality?
• What is the primary tumor type arising from the adrenal medulla that secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine?
• What urine findings are characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
• What type of pneumonia consolidation is typically associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae?
• What is the characteristic finding on the EKG of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy?
• Rheumatic fever is a systemic immune response resulting from an infection of which organism?
• What type of wheezing is typically associated with COPD?
• Which bacterium is known for causing paralysis and is commonly associated with infant botulism?
• What is the primary vaccine available for Hepatitis A?
• What size stones are generally expected to pass on their own?
• What laboratory test is more specific for rheumatoid arthritis than rheumatoid factor?
• Which of the following statements is true about hyperthyroidism?
• What is the highest score for eye opening response on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• In patients with pleural effusion, what is often recommended for severe cases?
• What indicates a renal origin for hematuria?
• What condition occurs when often obese patients fail to breathe rapidly or deeply enough, resulting in low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels?
• Which hormone is elevated in prolactinomas?
• Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) is usually of what etiology?
• What is a major contraindication for prescribing metformin?
• In acromegaly, which substance is measured due to unreliable GH measurement?
• What condition is characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten?
• Which fungal infection is endemic to certain regions of the United States and can cause severe respiratory illness in immunocompromised patients?
• The PERC score is utilized to determine what?
• What is the most common cause of hypertension in patients?
• Which heart valve is most commonly affected in rheumatic heart disease?
• Which short-acting dihydropyridine CCB has been shown to increase cardiac risk?
• To diagnose diabetes mellitus type I or II, a fasting glucose should be greater than what value?
• What symptom is not typically associated with acute adrenal insufficiency?
• Which complication is associated with Crohn's Disease?
• In hepatitis, marked elevations in which enzyme are typically observed?
• Which of these conditions frequently presents with pancytopenia?
• What is the recommended action for patients with hemodynamically stable wide QRS tachyarrhythmia?
• Which infection is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and presents with a sore throat and grayish pseudomembrane?
• What is a common side effect of Leflunomide?
• What does hyperkalemia cause on an EKG?
• What is the primary infection associated with most duodenal and peptic ulcers?
• Hypothyroidism is characterized by low levels of which hormone and high levels of which hormone?
• Which of the following is a pentad of symptoms that includes renal failure and fever?
• What is the defining GFR level for chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
• What condition is indicated for the placement of an IVC filter as an alternative treatment?
• What condition requires immediate evaluation by a vascular specialist due to ischemic rest pain?
• Which criterion is NOT associated with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
• Which of the following is NOT a principal diagnostic test for CHF?
• Which of the following is a commonly associated inflammatory marker in coronary heart disease?
• What is the GFR threshold for end-stage kidney disease?
• What is the typical length of antibiotic course treatment for bacterial meningitis?
• How is a fusiform aneurysm typically managed?
• Which of the following medications is commonly prescribed for gastritis treatment?
• What two lab values are typically evaluated for a diagnosis of hepatitis?
• How can transudates be distinguished from exudates?
• Which sign is associated with necrotizing disease in pancreatitis characterized by blue discoloration around the umbilicus?
• What is typically observed on a chest X-ray for a tension pneumothorax?
• What complication is associated with pulmonary hypertension?
• What is a key feature of acute bacterial meningitis seen in cerebrospinal fluid analysis?
• Hemophilia A is due to a deficiency of which factor?
• Which treatment is commonly used for lupus?
• What is the most common first symptom of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
• What are the main aspects of treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (A flutter)?
• Which percussion finding is associated with hyperinflated lungs in conditions like COPD?
• What are common presenting symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?
• What disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae and leads to rice water diarrhea?
• Which fungal infection is associated with immunosuppression and is transmitted through pigeon droppings?
• What is observed in the urinalysis of a patient with chronic kidney disease?
• What is a common side effect of levofloxacin?
• Which hormone is increased in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism?
• What is the hemoglobin threshold for diagnosing anemia in men?
• What is the essential diagnostic tool for diagnosing meningitis?
• What term describes decreased perfusion and oxygen delivery to the body?
• What cardiac-specific biomarker rises within 6-9 hours after myocardial injury?
• What medication class is considered first line for treating dyslipidemia but can cause muscle-related symptoms?
• What type of cells are often seen with liver disease and thalassemia?
• Which of these is a symptom of unstable angina?
• In terms of cognitive impairment, which one is present alongside dementia?
• What is the definitive diagnostic procedure for acute monoarticular arthritis?
• What is the primary treatment recommended for irritable bowel syndrome?
• In Cushing's syndrome, excessive cortisol can be either ACTH-dependent or ACTH-independent. What is an example of an ACTH-dependent source?
• Which vitamin deficiencies are alcoholics particularly susceptible to?
• What is the classic antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis?
• What is the best approach to managing Torsades de Pointes associated with a long QT interval?
• Which bacterium is typically acquired from eating undercooked poultry or contaminated water sources?
• Which artery is likely affected in a stroke manifesting contralateral extremity weakness with the lower extremity more affected than the upper?
• Which condition often presents with morning stiffness lasting for more than 1 hour?
• Which condition is characterized by proximal limb muscle weakness?
• What is the primary characteristic of pneumoconioses?
• What is the primary association of small cell lung cancer?
• What are the standard oral drugs used to treat UTIs?
• Which condition requires surgical intervention when pituitary adenomas secrete hormones other than prolactin?
• What is the most common cause of esophagitis?
• Which bedside procedure is minimally invasive and effective for detecting aortic dissection?
• What is one possible complication of Ulcerative Colitis?
• Which mnemonic is often used to remember the effects of hyperparathyroidism?
• Which test is completed after high cortisol levels are found in Cushing's syndrome?
• What is the cornerstone treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica?
• Exudates are characterized by what physiological disruption?
• What is primarily decreased in systolic dysfunction of heart failure?
• What is the most common fungal infection characterized by oropharyngeal and vulvovaginitis symptoms?
• Which lab findings are expected in iron deficiency anemia regarding ferritin and RDW?
• What are the two types of hiatal hernias?
• Where is the needle decompression performed for a tension pneumothorax?
• What is the initial treatment for hypertension?
• Which physical exam finding may indicate an acute myocardial infarction (MI)?
• The two most common causes of hypercalcemia are primarily which conditions?
• What is a clinical manifestation of Sjogren's syndrome?
• In cases of pleural effusion, what is the expected fremitus or transmitted voice sounds?
• Which type of medications should be avoided in patients with dementia?
• What characterizes myelodysplastic syndrome?
• Which type of shock is caused by pump failure from various cardiac issues?
• What is a hallmark feature of acute myeloid leukemia?
• At what age does colorectal screening ideally begin for individuals without risk factors?
• Which condition is recognized as idiopathic lung disease?
• What are the two most common complications leading to chronic kidney disease?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the "6 P's" of acute arterial occlusion?
• What is a major therapeutic option for managing esophageal varices?
• What type of inflammation is characteristic of sarcoidosis?
• For outpatient pneumonia treatment, which antibiotic is commonly prescribed?
• Which of the following conditions is characterized by interstitial infiltrates and is primarily a lung infection?
• What signifies nephritis compared to nephrosis?
• What syndrome is characterized by a short PR interval, delta wave, and AVRT?
• Which drug is the first choice to treat regular narrow complex tachycardias after vagal maneuvers have failed?
• In patients with intestinal malabsorption, which type of stones are commonly formed?
• In lung cancer, a Pancoast tumor is typically found in which location?
• What is the first imaging technique used to detect a urinary malignancy?
• The presence of dysmorphic red cells and significant proteinuria suggests what type of disorder?
• Which type of hernia is surgically treated due to complications?
• What is the term for the condition that occurs from endothelial dysfunction and the formation of a fibrous cap?
• What is the primary characteristic of encephalitis?
• What is the primary treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus?
• What is the typical initial change seen on an EKG in the case of a STEMI?
• What is a common complication of cirrhosis that arises from portal vein hypertension?
• Which of the following GFR ranges corresponds to Stage IV chronic kidney disease?
• What is the MCV presentation in anemia of chronic disease?
• Which condition results from repeated attacks of rheumatic fever affecting heart valves?
• What is a common side effect of Niacin when used in dyslipidemia treatment?
• Asthma is characterized by which of the following conditions?
• What is the recommended rate for the replacement of free water deficit in the first 24 hours?
• In heart failure, what class of medications can help control sympathetic drive and have a mortality benefit?
• What condition is marked by insidious onset of clumsiness and random fidgety movements, along with a dancelike gait?
• AIDS is defined by a CD4 count that drops below what threshold?
• Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD)?
• What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension related to Cushing's syndrome?
• According to the AHA mnemonic for stable angina treatment, what does the first letter 'A' represent?
• What is the purpose of using aldosterone antagonists in heart failure management?
• What is the typical symptom of Sjogren syndrome?
• Which treatment is used as an emergent treatment for hyperkalemia?
• What is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pancreatitis?
• Which type of hepatitis is known to potentially become chronic?
• Which symptom is most likely associated with right heart failure in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
• Which sign is a classic indicator of severe necrotizing pancreatitis characterized by bruising of the abdominal flanks?
• In a case of low MCV and low RDW but high RBC, what diagnosis might be indicated?
• What are intrinsic renal causes of acute renal failure characterized by?
• What conditions should be evaluated when assessing for a tachyarrhythmia?
• What acronym helps to remember the primary hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
• What is Felty syndrome characterized by?
• What long-term treatment is commonly used for hypercalcemia?
• Most patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis have which type of antibodies?
• What type of pituitary adenoma is most commonly found in patients?
• What management is required for an exudate?
• Which factor is NOT included in the TIMI score for assessing risk in UA or NSTEMI?
• What is the threshold for defining hypertension in adults?
• Which condition would present with low reticulocyte count?
• For the diagnosis of dementia, which of the following must be present alongside memory loss?
• Patients with a lack of which dietary component are at higher risk for coronary heart disease?
• What is a common presentation of pulmonary congestion in heart failure?
• What is a common treatment for cardiac tamponade?
• What is the primary treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma?
• What is the primary treatment for transudates?
• What is the first-line class of medications used to treat asthma?